Theories of Depression

Theories of DepressionPsychology is the scientific study of fashion and mental process (Rathus 4). By looking at pique disorders in psychology we post see that major(ip) falloff has affected much than 15 million Ameri nooky adults, about 6.7% of the U.S. population age 18 and older in the year 2016 (Anxiety and Depression Associatin of America). There ar broadly speaking two types of mood disorders effect and bipolar disorder. Depression mostly involves feelings of help s wildness, despondentness, worthlessness, guilt, and keen sadness. According to the DSM-IV, an individual needs to be diagnosed with five or more than of nine symptoms in order to be decl atomic number 18d get down. Persistent depressed mood for most of the day, exhalation of interest or pleasure in wholly, or almost all activities, significant weight exhalation or gain due to changes in appetite, sleeping more or less than usual, speeding up or s imprinting down of physical and wound up reactions, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or unfolded guilt, reduced cleverness to concentrate or make pregnant decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. Also, the individual must be in possession of at least one of the starting line two symptoms with their five total symptoms to be considered depressed (Rathus 423).According to the DSM-V, thither are quite a few types of depression that an individual can experience. The primary modeling of depression is major Depression this can in any case be known as Chronic Major depression, and or unipolar Depression. whatsoever symptoms may include persistent anxious, sadness or an vacate mood thought the day, feelings of pessimism or hopelessness, irritability and or sudden unwarranted outburst, persistent certain physical symptoms that may not respond to slightnessments, loss of interest in all or all most all activities that can include sex, decrease in energy, changes in sleeping or eating habits that c an result to over or under sleeping and weight loss or gain. Dysthymia is the secondary type of depression mentioned in the DSM-V. This is an overwhelmed state of a chronic state of depression, that was once more explained feelings of a depressed mood for most of the day but must be for at least two years. When an individual experiences dysthymia he or she may show symptoms of appetite or weight changes, feelings of fatigue and helplessness, low self-esteem, changes in sleep, and poor ability to concentrate or make meaningful decisions. SAD or Seasonal Affective Disorder has also been mentioned in the DSM-V. This is most common in the harsh winters where there is little light for the body to secrete certain hormones for the body to function properly. The best solutions to sanction this problem is to have artificial sun light projected to the individual or either go to a tanning beauty parlour. The tanning salon also used artificial sunlight to tan the skin or change the pigment w ithin the skin (American Psychiatric Association).Depression has stick out up evidence in both sides of the Nature and Nurture Debate. Biologically, the thyroidal secreter can affect an individuals depression state. Depending of the amount of certain hormones produced in the thyroid gland, a person may show signs of the nine symptoms described by DSM-IV. Some hormones that may affect an individuals depression state are thyroid stimulating hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Have overly much or too little of these hormones may result in a few conditions much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, sleep disturbances, weight loss or gain, trainability or nervousness, fatigue, forgetfulness, inability to concentrate heat or the cold, and dry skin or hair (WebMD). Also, disorders such as depression and anxiety have the tendency to occur more often in close relatives of affected individuals than they do in the command population. Between 20 and 25 percent of deal who is affected with mood disorders have a family member who is affected by a equal disorder. On the side of the nurture debate, the physiocratic view of depression is that same people are prone to depression because they suffered a real or imagined loss of a loved object or person in childhood. Some learning theorists believe that learned helplessness makes people prone to depression. This was demonstrate by a psychologist named Martian Seligman when he conducted an experiment on dogs. The dogs were taught that they were hopeless to escape from electric shock. First, he placed a barrier in the dogs cage to prevent them from leaving when shocks were administered. Later the barrier was removed. However, hen shocks ere again administered, the dogs made no effort to escape. They had learned there was nothing to do to stop the pain (Rathus 424, 425).In the field of psychology, there are numerous types of theories for different subjects. Depression has many theories which have different implications for the therapy that is used to treat it. Directly and indirectly, the social environment plays a role in depression. terzetto modellings of depression theories are rank surmisal of depression, Psychodynamic theory of depression and Becks cognitive theory of depression. Theories are used to help treat depression and for an example for each, a female named surface-to-air missile. The first example used in Wades example would be rank theory depression. surface-to-air missile made many friends in High School and was well-known throughout school. She would have a major position in the student council and would be the captain and the star participant of two major sports teams. As Sam would walk through the hallways, she would happen pleasure in being greeted. Sam would be excited over the thought of going to college and having the opportunities of interacting with a new group of people. However, when in college, the vagary of instantaneous social acceptance would not be a reality. beg inning from the bottom of the social hierarchy, Sam could not begin to understand or accept her new social position and became frustrated and incensed after towards the end of her first semester she would feel depressed. By applying the social rank theory, phycologists may now begin to determine why Sam is depressed. According to Stevens and Price, when organisms are demoted to a lower social rank, they will become depressed in order to accept this fact and reduce their desire to get back on top (Stevens A.). This is an evolutionary function and is designed to avoid bout between the new and old leaders (Stevens A.). Her treatment should be focused on Rational Emotive Therapy which teaches her that being a leader can be irrational (Wade).The next theory, presented by Sigmoid Freud is psychodynamic theory of depression which states that depression is a result from individual retirement account from imbalanced cognitions and behavior in childhood. To present this theory say for exa mple Sam grew up in a strictly Catholic household that prided on being perfect. Sam has a loving and overprotective mother and a father who swaggering and abusive. However, Sam only displaces positive emotions to her parents and becomes confused on the child. She cannot be angry at her parents because they are essential for survival and she wants to please her parents, but is futile to do so. So instead of being angry at her parents she directs the anger inwards towards herself, this happens unconsciously according to Freud. The treatment based off of the psychodynamic theory would need the Sam to decrease her self-punishment and allow her to understand that it is okay to not be perfect (Wade). Instead of feeling disappointed that she is not perfect, she should have the mind set to work towards perfection perfection is non-existent. Setting belittled goals may also help her but only if she allows herself to feel accomplished.Lastly, Becks cognitive theory of depression states tha t the primary cause of depression is through disallow thoughts (Rashmi Nemade). First off, what is cognitive psychology? It is the study of mental processes such as, memory, language, perception, creativity, thinking, attending and problem solving (Wikipedia). Going back to Sam, she thinks that she would never be adapted to please her parents and that she would be stuck in her social position for the rest of her college career. No matter how much effort Sam put into her activities she would never succeed. Sam is also homosexual and her parents do not accept her because of it. She feels that her future would via media of either being untrue to herself or defying her parents. There are tierce thoughts that result in her depression belief that all efforts are futile, no hope for the future and feeling inadequate. During her therapy sessions, she would be taught to view failures as challenges that are possible to overcome and she needs to know that she is in control of her lifes l ogical argument (Wade). Sam would have adopted an enchasing attribution to her problems that would enable her to feel shining about her efforts and the future (Schneider).ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. Diangnostic and statistical Manual of psychological Disorders. DSM-5. 2013.Anxiety and Depression Associatin of America. Anxiety and Depression. August 2016. .Rashmi Nemade, Natalie Staats Reiss, and Mark Dombeck. Cognitive Theories Of Major Depression Aaron Beck. 19 September 2007. .Rathus, Spencer A. Psychology Principles in Practice. Auston Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2003. 4.Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., Coutts, L. M. Applied favorable Psychology Understanding and Addressing Social and Practical Problems. Thousand Oaks, CA apt Publications, 2005.Stevens A., Price J. Evolutionary Psychiatry A New Beginning. London Routledge, 2000.Wade, Rebecca Michelle. Theories of Depression. 5 October 2011. .WebMD. Depression, the Thyroid, and Hormones. 2016. .Wikipedia. Co gnitive Psychology. 2016. .